It can manifest as catamenial chest pain, pneumothorax, hemoptysis, hemothorax, catamenial haemoptysis, and pulmonary nodules. It refers to endometriosis within the thoracic cavity including the lung parenchyma, diaphragm, and pleural surfaces. Thoracic endometriosis (TES) is the most common endometriosis outside the abdominopelvic cavity.
However, endometriosis affects about 10% to 15% of women. The exact prevalence of endometriosis is difficult to determine because many women remain asymptomatic. Therefore, clinical suspicion of thoracic endometriosis in evaluation of shortness of breath in a young lady with history of infertility or pelvic surgery is indispensable.Įndometriosis is defined as a chronic gynecologic disease which is characterized by the presence of endometrial glands and stroma in anatomical sites and organs outside the uterine cavity. However in limited settings chemical pleurodesis can be carried out done to prevent recurrence of shortness of breath due to thoracic endometriosis. Video Assisted Thoracoscopic surgery offer both diagnostic and therapeutic in thoracic endometriosis.
Thoracic endometriosis tend to present with chronic or sub-acute symptoms which are non-specific symptoms leading to late diagnosis. Drainage was done followed by chemical pleurodesis using bleomycin with resolution of symptoms on her follow up. Complications include pneumothorax, pneumohemothorax or hemothorax.Ī 31 year old woman with history of infertility presented with shortness of breath and was found to have a significant right sided pneumohemothorax. The clinical presentation is depends on site of implantation. Early detection can be achieved with serum cancer antigen 125 measurement and may be helpful in indicating videothoracoscopic surgery.Įndometrial glandular tissue can implant in the thorax of women suffering from endometriosis. The frequency of thoracic endometriosis-related pneumothorax corresponds to, on average, a third of females presenting with recurrent pneumothorax. The mean value in males was similar to that observed in disease-free females. The CA125 concentration was significantly higher in females with endometriosis compared to disease-free females (76.1 versus 16 U x mL(-1)). Videothoracoscopically diagnosed endometriosis occurred in 29% of females. Serum CA125 was measured around a menstrual period in females and before surgery in males. The control group comprised 17 males (mean age 27 yrs), who underwent videothoracoscopic pleural abrasion. Between January 2004 and March 2006, 31 females (mean age 32 yrs) underwent pneumothorax surgery. The goal of the present prospective study was to assess the value of cancer antigen (CA)125 measurement in the detection of endometriosis in order to further enable early and adequate treatment of catamenial pneumothorax. Thoracic endometriosis is probably responsible for the high rate of recurrent pneumothoraces in females.
The thorax is the most frequent extrapelvic location of endometriosis.
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